Russian Federation
In the article on the basis of experimental studies the authors present the main issues relating to the forensic veterinary examination of animals poisoned with Кonfidor eхtra ®: product characteristics, causes of poisoning, clinical and pathological changes, methods of biological material identification. Кonfidor eхtra ® is a contact-intestinal systemic insecticide of neonicotinoid class used in the plant-growing against a wide range of pests on crops of grain and vegetable. Pesticide poisoning occurs when animals are fed with feed and water containing pesticide. Clinical signs of poisoning include ataxia, gastrointestinal tract hypotension, motor dysfunction, bloating, gas colics, and clonic convulsions. At post-mortem examination there revealed gastric dilatation and overflowing of the stomach in animals (the craw in fowls), intestinal bloating, and congestive hyperemia of the lungs, liver and kidneys; cerebral vessels hyperemia and the dura mater bleedings as well. For chemical-toxicological studies samples of feed and water; the contents of the stomach as well as samples of spleen, liver, and hair (feather) covering should be taken. Residues of imidacloprid in the biological material are evaluated by the TLC- and the HPLC analyses. Forensic veterinary ascertainment of poisoning animals with Konfidor extra® is possible only after the full range of activities: establishing the fact of the use of insecticides in agricultural production; the presence of particular clinical manifestations such as ataxia, gastrointestinal hypotension and atony, clonic convulsions; the results of a post mortem examination (presence of acute dilatation of the stomach in animals and the craw in birds, hydropic degeneration of the liver in mammals and adipose degeneration in fowls), and the detection of residues of imidacloprid in organs and tissues of a corpse or an animal who undergone poisoning.
tra ®, poisoning, forensic veterinary examination
1. Gosudarstvennyy katalog pesticidov i agrohimikatov Rossiyskoy Federacii, 2014 g. - URL: http://www.mcx.ru.
2. Staryy drug luchshe novyh dvuh: pochemu fermery stremyatsya kupit' «Konfidor ekstra» dlya zaschity rasteniy - URL: http://arsenaltovarov.ru/konfidor-extra.
3. David D., George I.A., Peter J.V. Toxicology of the newer neonicotinoid insecticides: imidac-loprid poisoning in a human // Clin Toxicol (Phila). - 2007. - Vol. 45. - P. 485-486.
4. Acute Human Self-Poisoning with Imidacloprid Compound: A Neonicotinoid Insecticide / F. Mohamed [et al.] // FM CP SJ JK. Analyzed the data: FM IG SZ ME DR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TAR MSR DR. Wrote the paper: FM IG ME AD NAB DR. Received January 21, 2009; Accepted March 12, 2009.
5. Karatas A.D. Severe central nervous system depression in a patient with acute imidacloprid poisoning // Am J Emerg Med. - 2009. - Vol. 27 (9). - URL: doi: 10.1016/ j.ajem. 2009.01.006.
6. Acute poisoning with neonicotinoid insecticides: a case report and literature review / P.C. Lin [et al.] // Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. - 2013. - Vol. 112(4). - P. 282-286.
7. Phua D.H. Neonicotinoid insecticides: an emerging cause of acute pesticide poisoning // Clin Toxicol (Phila). - 2009. - Vol. 47(4). - P. 336-341. - URL: doi: 10.1080/ 15563650802644533.
8. Yeh I.J., Lin T.J., Hwang D.Y. Acute multiple organ failure with imidacloprid and alcohol ingestion // Am J Emerg Med. - 2010. - Vol. 28(2). - URL: doi: 10.1016/ j.ajem.2009.05.006.
9. Konfidor ekstra. - URL: http:// www.bayercropscience.ru/ru/Konfidor-Extra.
10. Gigienicheskie normativy soderzhaniya pesticidov v ob'ektah okruzhayuschey sredy (perechen'). Gigienicheskie normativy GN 1.2.2701-10. - URL: http://base.consultant.ru.
11. Boyko T.V., Gerunova L.K. Opredelenie parametrov toksichnosti Konfidora // Aktual'nye problemy infekcionnyh i nezaraznyh patologiy zhivotnyh: mat-ly mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf., posvyasch. pamyati vydayuschegosya organizatora Sibirskoy veterinarnoy nauki A.V. Kopyrina. - Omsk, 2010. - S. 236-238.
12. Diagnostika, lechenie i profilaktika otravleniy zhivotnyh neonikotinoidami / T.V. Boyko, L.K. Gerunova, V.I. Gerunov [i dr.] // Metodicheskie rekomendacii dlya specialistov veterinarnoy sluzhby. - Omsk: Izd-vo IP Maksheevoy E.A., 2013. - 24 s.
13. Boyko T.V., Gerunov V.I., Gonohova M.N. Patomorfologicheskaya diagnostika ostrogo i hronicheskogo otravleniya zhivotnyh neonikotinoidami - Konfidora ekstra® i Kalipso® // Aktual'nye voprosy medicinskih morfologicheskih disciplin / pod red. V.P. Volkova. - Novosibirsk: SibAK, 2014. - S. 81-104.
14. Boyko T.V. Toksikokineticheskie osobennosti neonikotinoida Konfidora ekstra® v organizme krys // Vestn. NGAU. - 2013. - № 1 (26). - S. 74-79.
15. Patent 2467323 Rossiyskoy Federacii, MPK G01N 30/90. Sposob opredeleniya imidakloprida v biologicheskih ob'ektah s ispol'zovaniem tonkosloynoy hromatografii / Boyko T.V., Gerunova L.K.; patentoobladatel' FGBOU VPO «Omskiy gosudarstvennyy agrarnyy universitet». - № 2011125427/28, zayavl. 20.06.2011; opubl. 20.11.2012, byul. № 32. - 6 s.
16. Patent 24684458 Rossiyskoy Federacii, MPK G01N 30/90. Sposob opredeleniya imidakloprida v biologicheskih ob'ektah s ispol'zovaniem vysokoeffektivnoy zhidkostnoy hromatografii / Boyko T.V., Gerunova L.K., Urusova T.V.; patentoobladatel' FGBOU VPO «Omskiy gosudarstvennyy agrarnyy universitet». - № 2011146011/ 28(068876), zayavl. 11.11.2011; opubl. 10.06.2013, byul. № 16. - 6 s.
17. Opredelenie ostatochnyh kolichestv imidakloprida i tiakloprida v biologicheskih ob'ektah metodom vysokoeffektivnoy zhidkostnoy hromatografii / T.V. Boyko, L.K. Gerunova, T.V. Gerunov [i dr.] / Toksikologicheskiy vestn. - 2013. - № 4. - S. 34-37.
