The results of studying of live bivalent vaccine safety against bluetongue on sheep and white mice and immunogenic activity on sheep are presented in this article. Bluetongue is a non-contagious, viral transmissible infection, transmitted by blood-sucking insects of the genus Culicoides, character-ized by febricity, inflammatory and necrotic lesions of oral cavity especially tongue, digestive tract, epi-thelium of crown and base of skin of hooves and degenerative changes of skeletal muscles. The investigations were made in Zhambylsky territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It was demonstrated that sheep after vaccine introduction reacted by small body temperature increasing up to (40.1-40.5) degrees Centigrade for 2-4 days and by indu-ration formation on the place of vaccine injection, which was resolving for 2-3 days. The obtained results showed that vaccine had low reactivity and was safe for sheep. Safety activity of vaccine on white mice used as laboratory models also showed the lack of changes both in general condition of animals and local reaction. Vaccine demonstrated pronounced immunogenic characteristics; the max-imum increase of virus titer neutralizing antibodies was up to 3.66 log2 for 21 days with preservation for up to 90 days noted after introduction of sheep. On 180 days antibodies titer was reduced to 1.6 log2 and was preserved on this level up to 360 days. The formation of complement-fixing antibod-ies in the vaccinated sheep was specified on 7 days with preservation for up to 360 days. The evaluation of clinical signs of disease for challenge showed the difference in disease development for the vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals with the difference in 26 points which gave evidence about high immunogenic activity of the tested vaccine. The provided test showed that vaccine against bluetongue was safe for laboratory mice, sheep and stimulated the formation of virus neutralizing and complement-fixing antibodies in organism of sheep.
safety, immunogenicity, vaccine, bluetongue
1. Roy P. 2002. Orbivirus. 1stEdn. In: Tidona, C.D. and G. Darai (Eds.). The Springer Index of viruses. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, P. 957-963.
2. OIE terrestrial manual 2009, 2014. 1. Blue-tongue and Epizootic haemorrhagic disease Chapter 2.1.3.
3. Complete Genome Characterisation of a Novel 26th Bluetongue Virus Serotype from Kuwait / S. Maan, N.S. Maan, K. Nomikou [et al.] // PLoS ONE. - 2011. - № 6-10. - e26147.
4. Theiler A. Bluetongue in sheep //Annual Report. - 1906. - P. 115-121.
5. Bakulov I.A. Epizooticheskaya situaciya v mi-re po osobo opasnym boleznyam zhivotnyh k koncu HH stoletiya // Diagnostika, profilak-tika i mery bor'by s osobo opasnymi, ekzo-ticheskimi i zooantroponoznymi boleznyami zhivotnyh: mat-ly nauch.-prakt. konf. - Po-krov, 2000. - S. 11-17.
6. Identifikaciya i tipirovanie virusa kata-ral'noy lihoradki ovec / I.F. Vishnyakov, M.B. Novikova, A.A. Strizhakov [i dr.] // Ve-terinariya. - 1995. -№4. - S. 20-25.
7. Zhugunisov K.D., Abduraimov E.O, Mamadaliev S.M. Kataral'naya lihoradka ovec - novaya opasnost' dlya Kazahstana // Biotehnologiya. Teoriya i praktika. - 2009. - № 3. - S. 34-39.
8. Murueva G.B. Aktual'nost' kontrolya blyutanga ovec pri obespechenii prodovol'stvennoy bezopasnosti Respubliki Buryatiya // Ovcy, ko-zy, sherstyanoe delo. - 2011. - № 3. - S. 48-50.
9. URL: http:// kapital.kz /economic /30953 /rk-ogranichit-import-krupnogo-rogatogo-skota.html.
10. Sperlova A., Zendulkova D.Bluetongue: a re-view // VeterinarniMedicina, 56, 2011 (9): 430-452.
11. Duration of protective immunity after a single vaccination with a live attenuated bivalent blue-tongue vaccine / K. Zhugunissov, Z. Yershebulov, K. Barakbayev [et al.] // Vet. Res. Commun. - 2015 Dec; 39(4):203-10.
12. Haig DGMaRAA DA. The cytopathic action of Bluetongue virus on tissue cultures and its ap-plication to the detection of antibodies in the serum of sheep. Onderstepoort Journal of Vet-erinary Research 1956;27(2).
13. The epidemiology anddiagnosis of bluetongue with particular reference to Corsica / E. Breґard, C. Hamblin, S. Hammoumi [et al.] // Res. Vet. Sci. 2004. - V. 77. - P. 1-8.
14. Gerbier G., Hendrikx P., Roger F. [et al.] Blue-tongue control using vaccines: an experience from the mediterranean islands in Europe. In: Proceedings of the third OIE bluetongue inter-national symposium, Taormina, Sicily, 26-29 October, 2003. - P.151.
15. Dott. Marco Canalis Monovalent modifiedlive vaccine against Bluetongue serotype 1: Safety & Efficacy studies in sheep // Tesi di Dottorato in - Scienze e Tecnologie Zootecniche // UniversitàdegliStudi di Sassari. - 2008. - P.146.
16. Roy P. 2002. Orbivirus. 1stEdn. In: Tidona, C.D. and G. Darai (Eds.). The Springer Index of vi-ruses. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, P. 957-963.
17. OIE terrestrial manual 2009, 2014. 1. Blue-tongue and Epizootic haemorrhagic disease Chapter 2.1.3.
18. Complete Genome Characterisation of a Novel 26th Bluetongue Virus Serotype from Kuwait / S. Maan, N.S. Maan, K. Nomikou [et al.] // PLoS ONE. - 2011. - № 6-10. - e26147.
19. Theiler A. Bluetongue in sheep // Annual Report. - 1906. - P. 115-121.
20. Bakulov I.A. Jepizooticheskaja situacija v mire po osobo opasnym boleznjam zhivotnyh k koncu HH stoletija // Diagnostika, profilaktika i mery bor'by s osobo opasnymi, jekzoticheskimi i zooantroponoznymi boleznjami zhivotnyh: mat-ly nauch.-prakt. konf. - Pokrov, 2000. - S. 11-17.
21. Identifikacija i tipirovanie virusa kataral'noj lihoradki ovec / I.F. Vishnjakov, M.B. Novikova, A.A. Strizhakov [i dr.] // Veterinarija. - 1995. -№ 4. - S. 20-25.
22. Zhugunisov K.D., Abduraimov E.O, Mamadaliev S.M. Kataral'naja lihoradka ovec - novaja opasnost' dlja Kazahstana // Biotehnologija. Teorija i praktika. - 2009. - № 3. - S. 34-39.
23. Murueva G.B. Aktual'nost' kontrolja bljutanga ovec pri obespechenii prodovol'stvennoj bezopasnosti Respubliki Burjatija // Ovcy, kozy, sherstjanoe delo. - 2011. - №3. - S. 48-50.
24. URL: http://kapital.kz/economic/30953/rk-ogran ichit-import-krupnogo-rogatogo-skota.html.
25. Sperlova A., Zendulkova D. Bluetongue: a re-view // VeterinarniMedicina, 56, 2011 (9): 430-452.
26. Duration of protective immunity after a single vaccination with a live attenuated bivalent blue-tongue vaccine / K. Zhugunissov, Z. Yershebulov, K. Barakbayev [et al.] // Vet. Res. Commun. - 2015 Dec; 39(4):203-10.
27. Haig DGMaRAA DA. The cytopathic action of Bluetongue virus on tissue cultures and its ap-plication to the detection of antibodies in the se-rum of sheep. Onderstepoort Journal of Veteri-nary Research 1956;27(2).
28. The epidemiology anddiagnosis of bluetongue with particular reference to Corsica / E. Breґard, C. Hamblin, S. Hammoumi [et al.] // Res. Vet. Sci. 2004. - V. 77. - P. 1-8.
29. Gerbier G., Hendrikx P., Roger F. [et al.] Blue-tongue control using vaccines: an experience from the mediterranean islands in Europe. In: Proceedings of the third OIE bluetongue inter-national symposium, Taormina, Sicily, 26-29 October, 2003. - P.151
30. Dott. Marco Canalis Monovalent modified-live vaccine against Bluetongue serotype 1: Safety & Efficacy studies in sheep // Tesi di Dottorato in - Scienze e Tecnologie Zootecniche // UniversitàdegliStudi di Sassari. - 2008. - P.146.
